LNMP环境

有些网站需要靠服务器端计算每次响应的页面，这就是动态网站。一般由后端的 PHP、Java、GoLang、Python等编写。不过实际情况会是混合网站，既有动态资源，也有静态资源。

一、介绍

1.1 目标

中文wordpress

主要使用 LNMP 部署一个 WordPress

• Nginx 1.26.1
• WordPress 6.9
• MariaDB 10.11（LTS）
• PHP8.3

1.2 常见的几种架构

名称	组件	开发语言
LNMP（LEMP）	Linux + Nginx + MySQL + PHP	PHP
LAMP	Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP	PHP
WNMP	Windows + Nginx + MySQL + PHP	PHP
WAMP	Windows + Apache + MySQL + PHP	PHP
LNMT	Linux + Nginx + MySQL + Tomcat	Java
LNMP	Linux + Nginx + MySQL + Python	Python
LNMG	Linux + Nginx + MySQL + GoLang	GoLang

• LNMP 又叫 LEMP，因为 Nginx 之前叫 Engine X
• M 有时候也代表 MySQL 的开源版 MariaDB

LNMP（LEMP）主要原理是 Nginx 收到动态请求后，通过 fastcgi 协议转发给后端的 php-fpm 来处理，之后获取响应后发送给客户端。

二、下载

使用 MariaDB 是因为没用过，对 MySQL8.0 的安装已经足够熟悉了。

WordPress下载、Wordpress中文版下载

2.1 MariaDB

官方yum源生成

1. 新建 MariaDB的yum源

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

# MariaDB 10.11 RedHatEnterpriseLinux repository list - created 2026-01-08 01:55 UTC
# https://mariadb.org/download/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
# rpm.mariadb.org is a dynamic mirror if your preferred mirror goes offline. See https://mariadb.org/mirrorbits/ for details.
# baseurl = https://rpm.mariadb.org/10.11/rhel/$releasever/$basearch
baseurl = https://mirrors.xtom.com/mariadb/yum/10.11/rhel/$releasever/$basearch
module_hotfixes = 1
# gpgkey = https://rpm.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgkey = https://mirrors.xtom.com/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck = 1

2. 替换URL

http://yum.mariadb.org

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mariadb/yum
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum

3. 安装

sudo yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

4. 启动并开机自启

systemctl enable --now mariadb

5. 运行安全脚本，都默认选项即可。

mariadb-secure-installation

• Enter current password for root (enter for none): (直接回车，因为刚装好没密码)
• Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] (输入 Y)
• Change the root password? [Y/n] (输入 Y，然后设置你的新 Root 密码)
• Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] (输入 Y，移除匿名用户)
• Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] (输入 Y，建议禁止 Root 远程登录，后面我们会创建单独用户)
• Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] (输入 Y，移除测试库)
• Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] (输入 Y，刷新权限)

4. 修改编码集

vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server     = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# 让新建库、新建表默认继承
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
skip-character-set-client-handshake

# 可选，但强烈建议
max_connections = 500

vi /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

vi /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

systemctl restart mysqld

mysql -uroot -p'Root21..'

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

2.2 PHP

1. 安装Remi 仓库

yum install -y https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

2. 确认仓库存在，查看php可用版本

ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep remi

3. 启用 php8.3

yum install -y yum-utils

yum-config-manager --enable remi-php83

4. 安装PHP8.3及常用扩展

yum install -y \
php php-fpm php-cli php-common \
php-mysqlnd php-opcache \
php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-json php-bcmath php-intl php-zip php-curl

5. 验证

php -v

6. 禁用无关的库

yum-config-manager --disable remi-php54
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php55
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php56
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php70
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php71
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php72
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php73
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php74
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php80
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php81
yum-config-manager --disable remi-php82

2.3 Nginx

CentOS7安装Nginx

三、初始化

3.1 MariaDB

1. 登录

mysql -uroot -p'Root21..'

2. 创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE wordpress
  DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
  COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

3. 创建普通用户

CREATE USER 'wpuser'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'Wpuser21..';

4. 授权

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wpuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

5. 验证授权

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'wpuser'@'localhost';

3.2 Nginx

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name wp.bravexist.cn;
    root /www/wwwroot/wordpress;
    index index.php index.html;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress.access.log;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/wordpress.error.log;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|css|js|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot)$ {
        expires 30d;
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
    }
}

3.3 PHP-FPM

1. PHP-FPM 运行用户和 Nginx 一致

vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

​ 关键配置

user = nginx
group = nginx

listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx
listen.mode = 0660

2. PHP 基础参数

vi /etc/php.ini

memory_limit = 256M
upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M
max_execution_time = 300
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

3. 重启 php-fpm

systemctl restart php-fpm
systemctl status php-fpm

3.4 Wordpress

wget https://wordpress.org/wordpress-6.9.tar.gz

或 中文包

wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-6.9-zh_CN.tar.gz

mkdir -pv /www/wwwroot

tar xf wordpress-6.9.tar.gz -C /www/wwwroot

chown -R nginx.nginx /www/wwwroot/wordpress

四、启动

systemctl start nginx

nginx -t && nginx -s reload

设置 hosts 解析后访问

http://wp.bravexist.cn